Although the term meta-analysis was first used by Glass in 1976, the first meta-analysis in the sense of combining quantitative studies is attributed to Pearson, who analyzed data from five studies on the correlations between inoculation and immunity and mortality. Despite criticism from some scientists, meta-analysis is now accepted as an appropriate method of statistically summarizing the results of individual quantitative studies in the behavioral, social, and health sciences.
Glass called this method “meta-analysis”. Smith and Glass published their findings in a journal and showed that psychotherapy was actually an effective practice.
Glass calculated an overall mean value for 375 psychotherapy studies by statistically standardizing the differences between treatment and control groups. By the mid-1970s, hundreds of psychotherapy studies had produced a dizzying array of positive, neutral, and negative results, and reviews of these studies failed to settle the debate. In 1952, Hans Eysenck initiated a fierce debate in clinical psychology by publishing a study arguing that psychotherapy had no beneficial effect on patients. An example of this situation was experienced in the field of psychotherapy in the 1950s. When we look at the research on a particular subject as a whole, we may not be able to see whether the methods applied or developed are really effective. After a certain period of time, these individual studies may reveal different findings about the subject studied. Scientific research is a cumulative process in which each scientist makes unique contributions to their area of study.
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